Un baño de bosque no es más que un paseo largo por esos lares. Permitirse disfrutar de la naturaleza caminando en silencio o en tranquila conversación. Algo que los seres humanos han hecho a diario durante miles de años. Hoy parece que algunos están volviendo a rescatar esta sencilla práctica dándose cuenta de sus beneficios para la salud física y mental.
La naturaleza nos produce efectos saludables. Cuando nos solazamos en el mar o en la montaña es frecuente sentir bienestar, tranquilidad y alegría. La naturaleza está cada vez más alejada de nuestros entornos habituales de trabajo y vida. Quizá por eso notemos más el contraste y sintamos con más fuerza su capacidad sanadora. En Japón, donde el ritmo de vida urbano es especialmente gravoso para sus habitantes, están haciendo el esfuerzo de medir el efecto de los baños de bosque en la salud. Cada vez hay más evidencias científicas de su capacidad tranquilizante y normalizadora de la tensión arterial y otras variables.
Es curioso comprobar que en muchas ocasiones los modos y usos occidentales para relajarse pasan por someterse a más estímulos, pese a estar hartos o cansados de los mismos. De este modo tras una jornada laboral trabajando en un ordenador nos sentamos en el sofá enfrente de otra pantalla para ver nuestra serie favorita. Al desplazarnos en transporte público acudimos a nuestro móvil o tableta para buscar información o ver vídeos. Al salir a correr nos ponemos unos auriculares con música movida.
Nuestro cerebro tiene una alta capacidad para procesar información pero por grande que sea solemos llevarlo al límite y acabamos agotados. Volver al bosque, a la tradición del paseo tranquilo en un entorno natural no es una cuestión accesoria. Puede proveernos muchos beneficios a un coste muy bajo. La única inversión que tendremos que hacer es desplazarnos a un lugar que consideremos bello. Si tenemos la suerte de tener bosques o montañas cercanas será fácil, si no es así podremos buscar parques o senderos por despoblado en los que disfrutar del horizonte, el espacio abierto y los juegos de las nubes, la luz y el viento. El secreto es concedernos esos tiempos como premio y manjar para disfrutarlos en soledad o bien acompañados.
Me gusta recomendar a mis pacientes iniciativas seguras, eficaces y que a ser posible haya probado yo mismo. Cuando el médico sabe si la medicina que provee es dulce o amarga la prescripción de la misma tendrá un fundamento más sólido. Por esta razón me gusta sugerir tomar baños de bosque a aquellas personas que pasan por circunstancias difíciles o viven tiempos de enfermar. También me gusta hacerlo con los que están sanos y quieren mantenerse en ese estado.
No puedo aventurar si esta actividad se convertirá en una moda más. De momento es uno de mis remedios saludables no farmacológicos que junto a la música, la escritura, la belleza y el silencio suelo usar con frecuencia en mi práctica médica.
Bowler D.E., Buyung‐Ali L.M., Knight T.M. & Pullin A.S. (2010). A systematic review of evidence
for the added benefits to health of exposure to natural environments. Bmc Public
Health, 10.
Cheng W.‐W., Lin C.‐T., Chu F.‐H., Chang S.‐T.& Wang S.‐Y.(2009). Neuropharmacological activities of phytoncide released from Cryptomeria japonica. Journal of Wood Science, 55, 27‐31.
Depledge M.H., Stone R.J. & Bird W.J. (2011). Can Natural and Virtual Environments Be Used To Promote Improved Human Health and Wellbeing? Environmental Science & Technology, 45, 4660‐4665.
Ichihara K., Toyokawa K., Matsunaga H. &Kayawake H. (2008). The effect of forest works on volunteer's mental state. Nihon Ringakkai Shi/Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society, 90, 411‐414.
Inoue M. & Oishi Y. (2010).Classifying the contents of the current system of forest education. Nihon Ringakkai Shi/Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society, 92, 79‐87.
Kamioka H., Tsutani K., Mutoh Y., Honda T., Shiozawa N., Okada S., Park S.J., Kitayuguchi J., Kamada M., Okuizumi H. & Handa S. (2012). A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on curative and health enhancement effects of forest therapy. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 5, 85‐95.
Kumeda S., Sakai H., Hirata S. & Koyama Y. (2011). [Report on how to stimulate local economy using forest therapy and on effect of forest therapy in Akazawa]. Nihon eiseigakuzasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 66, 677‐681.
Lee J., Park B.‐J., Tsunetsugu Y., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2009). Restorative effects of viewing real forest landscapes, based on a comparison with urban landscapes. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 24, 227‐234.
Lee J., Park B.‐J., Tsunetsugu Y., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2011). Physiological benefits of forest environment: based on field research at 4 sites. Nihon eiseigakuzasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 66, 663‐9.
Lee J., Park B.J., Tsunetsugu Y., Ohira T., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2011). Effect of forest bathing on physiological and psychological responses in young Japanese male subjects. Public Health, 125, 93‐100.
Li Q. & Kawada T. (2011).[Effect of forest therapy on the human psycho‐neuro‐endocrino‐ immune network].Nihon eiseigakuzasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 66, 645‐650.
Li Q., Morimoto K., Kobayashi M., Inagaki H., Katsumata M., Hirata Y., Hirata K., Shimizu T., Li
Y.J., Wakayama Y., Kawada T., Ohira T., Takayama N., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2008). A forest bathing trip increases human natural killer activity and expression of anti‐cancer proteins in female subjects. Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents, 22, 45‐55.
Matsuo E. (2008). Redefining and Classifying the Interrelationship of Therapies Using Plants. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Horticultural Practices and Therapy for Human Well‐Being (eds. Shoemaker CA &Suh JK), pp. 155‐159.
Miyazaki Y., Lee J., Park B.J., Tsunetsugu Y. & Matsunaga K. (2011).[Preventive medical effects of nature therapy].Nihon eiseigakuzasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 66, 651‐656.
Morita E., Fukuda S., Nagano J., Hamajima N., Yamamoto H., Iwai Y., Nakashima T., Ohira H. &Shirakawa T. (2007). Psychological effects of forest environments on healthy adults: Shinrin‐yoku (forest‐air bathing, walking) as a possible method of stress reduction. Public Health, 121, 54‐63.
Cheng W.‐W., Lin C.‐T., Chu F.‐H., Chang S.‐T.& Wang S.‐Y.(2009). Neuropharmacological activities of phytoncide released from Cryptomeria japonica. Journal of Wood Science, 55, 27‐31.
Depledge M.H., Stone R.J. & Bird W.J. (2011). Can Natural and Virtual Environments Be Used To Promote Improved Human Health and Wellbeing? Environmental Science & Technology, 45, 4660‐4665.
Ichihara K., Toyokawa K., Matsunaga H. &Kayawake H. (2008). The effect of forest works on volunteer's mental state. Nihon Ringakkai Shi/Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society, 90, 411‐414.
Inoue M. & Oishi Y. (2010).Classifying the contents of the current system of forest education. Nihon Ringakkai Shi/Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society, 92, 79‐87.
Kamioka H., Tsutani K., Mutoh Y., Honda T., Shiozawa N., Okada S., Park S.J., Kitayuguchi J., Kamada M., Okuizumi H. & Handa S. (2012). A systematic review of randomized controlled trials on curative and health enhancement effects of forest therapy. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 5, 85‐95.
Kumeda S., Sakai H., Hirata S. & Koyama Y. (2011). [Report on how to stimulate local economy using forest therapy and on effect of forest therapy in Akazawa]. Nihon eiseigakuzasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 66, 677‐681.
Lee J., Park B.‐J., Tsunetsugu Y., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2009). Restorative effects of viewing real forest landscapes, based on a comparison with urban landscapes. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 24, 227‐234.
Lee J., Park B.‐J., Tsunetsugu Y., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2011). Physiological benefits of forest environment: based on field research at 4 sites. Nihon eiseigakuzasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 66, 663‐9.
Lee J., Park B.J., Tsunetsugu Y., Ohira T., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2011). Effect of forest bathing on physiological and psychological responses in young Japanese male subjects. Public Health, 125, 93‐100.
Li Q. & Kawada T. (2011).[Effect of forest therapy on the human psycho‐neuro‐endocrino‐ immune network].Nihon eiseigakuzasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 66, 645‐650.
Li Q., Morimoto K., Kobayashi M., Inagaki H., Katsumata M., Hirata Y., Hirata K., Shimizu T., Li
Y.J., Wakayama Y., Kawada T., Ohira T., Takayama N., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2008). A forest bathing trip increases human natural killer activity and expression of anti‐cancer proteins in female subjects. Journal of Biological Regulators and Homeostatic Agents, 22, 45‐55.
Matsuo E. (2008). Redefining and Classifying the Interrelationship of Therapies Using Plants. In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Horticultural Practices and Therapy for Human Well‐Being (eds. Shoemaker CA &Suh JK), pp. 155‐159.
Miyazaki Y., Lee J., Park B.J., Tsunetsugu Y. & Matsunaga K. (2011).[Preventive medical effects of nature therapy].Nihon eiseigakuzasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 66, 651‐656.
Morita E., Fukuda S., Nagano J., Hamajima N., Yamamoto H., Iwai Y., Nakashima T., Ohira H. &Shirakawa T. (2007). Psychological effects of forest environments on healthy adults: Shinrin‐yoku (forest‐air bathing, walking) as a possible method of stress reduction. Public Health, 121, 54‐63.
Morita E., Nagano J., Yamamoto H., Murakawa I., Aikawa M. &Shirakawa T. (2009). Two thirds of forest walkers with Japanese cedar pollinosis visit forests even during the pollen season. Allergology International, 58, 383‐388.
Morita E., Naito M., Hishida A., Wakai K., Mori A., Asai Y., Okada R., Kawai S. &Hamajima N. (2011). No association between the frequency of forest walking and blood pressure levels or the prevalence of hypertension in a cross‐sectional study of a Japanese population. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 16, 299‐306.
Nakamura H., Iwamoto M., Washida K., Sekine K., Takase M., Park B.‐J., Morikawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2010).Influences of Casein Hydrolysate Ingestion on Cerebral Activity, Autonomic Nerve Activity, and Anxiety. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 29, 103‐ 108.
Nakau M., Imanishi J., Watanabe S., Imanishi A., Baba T., Hirai K., Ito T., Chiba W. & Morimoto Y. (2013). Spiritual care of cancer patients by integrated medicine in urban green space: A pilot study. Explore: The Journal of Science and Healing, 9, 87‐90.
Nomura M. (2011). Phytoncide‐its properties and applications in practical use. In: Yoshikawa T, Naito Y (eds): Gas Biology Research in Clinical Practice. Basel, Karger, pp. 133‐143. Ohtsuka Y., Yabunaka N. &Takayama S. (1998). Shinrin‐yoku (forest‐air bathing and walking)
effectively decreases blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. International Journal of
Biometeorology, 41, 125‐127.
Ohtsuka Y., Yabunaka N. &Takayama S. (1998). Significance of 'Shinrin‐yoku (forest‐air bathing
and walking)' as an exercise therapy for elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. Journal
of Japanese Association of Physical Medicine Balneology and Climatology, 61, 101‐105. Park B.‐J., Morikowa T., Ogata T., Washida K., Iwamoto M., Nakamura H. & Miyazaki Y. (2009). Physiological Effects of Ingesting Eucalyptus Essential Oil with Milk Casein Peptide. Silva
Fennica, 43, 173‐179.
Park B.‐J., Tsunetsugu Y., Ishii H., Furuhashi S., Hirano H., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2008).
Physiological effects of Shinrin‐yoku (taking in the atmosphere of the forest) in a mixed
forest in Shinano Town, Japan. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 23, 278‐283. Park B.‐J., Tsunetsugu Y., Kasetani T., Hirano H., Kagawa T., Sato M. & Miyazaki Y. (2007). Physiological effects of Shinrin‐yoku (taking in the atmosphere of the forest)‐‐using salivary cortisol and cerebral activity as indicators. Journal of Physiological
Anthropology, 26, 123‐8.
Park B.J., Tsunetsugu Y., Kasetani T., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2010). The physiological effects
of Shinrin‐yoku (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing): Evidence from field experiments in 24 forests across Japan. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 15, 18‐26.
Park B.J., Tsunetsugu Y., Kasetani T., Morikawa T., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2009).Physiological Effects of Forest Recreation in a Young Conifer Forest in Hinokage Town, Japan. Silva Fennica, 43, 291‐301.
Shin W.S., Shin C.S. &Yeoun P.S. (2012). The influence of forest therapy camp on depression in alcoholics. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 17, 73‐76.
Shin W.S., Yeoun P.S., Yoo R.W. & Shin C.S. (2010). Forest experience and psychological health benefits: The state of the art and future prospect in Korea. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 15, 38‐47.
Shin Y.‐K., Kim D.J., Jung‐Choi K., Son Y.‐J., Koo J.‐W., Min J.‐A. & Chae J.‐H.(2013). Differences of psychological effects between meditative and athletic walking in a forest and gymnasium. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 28, 64‐72.
Sugaya S., Kasetani T., Qiu‐Ji Z., Guo W.Z., Udagawa A., Nomura J., Sugita K., Ohta R. & Suzuki N. (2011). Studies on the amounts of serum hydroperoxide, MMP‐3, urinary 8‐OHdG, and salivary iga in rheumatoid arthritis patients who experienced shinrin‐yoku (forest‐air bathing and walking). Chiba Medical Journal, 87, 181‐188.
Sung J., Woo J.M., Kim W., Lim S.K. & Chung E.J. (2012). The effect of cognitive behavior therapy‐based "forest therapy" program on blood pressure, salivary cortisol level, and quality of life in elderly hypertensive patients. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 34, 1‐7.
Toda M., Den R., Hasegawa‐Ohira M. &Morimoto K. (2013). Effects of woodland walking on salivary stress markers cortisol and chromogranin A. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 21, 29‐34.
Tsunetsugu Y., Park B.‐J.& Miyazaki Y. (2010). Trends in research related to "Shinrin‐yoku" (taking in the forest atmosphere or forest bathing) in Japan. Environmental health and preventive medicine, 15, 27‐37.
Tsunetsugu Y., Park B.‐J., Ishii H., Hirano H., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2007). Physiological effects of Shinrin‐yoku (taking in the atmosphere of the forest) in an old‐growth broadleaf forest in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 26, 135‐42.
Tsunetsugu Y., Park B.‐J., Lee J., Kagawa T. & Miyazaki Y. (2011). Psychological relaxation effect of forest therapy: results of field experiments in 19 forests in Japan involving 228 participants. Nihon eiseigakuzasshi. Japanese journal of hygiene, 66, 670‐6.
Yamaguchi M., Deguchi M. & Miyazaki Y. (2006).The effects of exercise in forest and urban environments on sympathetic nervous activity of normal young adults. Journal of International Medical Research, 34, 152‐159.
Yasukawa N., Yoshimura T. &Sakai T. (2003). Demand and supply of information on forests and forestry on the internet. Nihon Ringakkai Shi/Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society, 85, 135‐141.
Bibliografía vía los árboles invisibles
Búsqueda en Google Scholar
Este artículo apareció originalmente en el Huffington Post